Various methods have been employed to measure the immunological effects of xenobiotics. In most cases, the quality of the output data is dependent on the design of the intended assay type. An increasingly effective methodology has been the quantification of cytokines, which play a principal role as signaling mediators in all immune responses. kbDNA's library of active recombinant cytokines includes tested samples from cytokine subfamilies; interferon, interleukin, lymphokine, and more.
Chemokines are a subclass of cytokine proteins that act as signalling molecules and mediators in chemotaxis. The proteins are characterized as low molecular weight, 3-D structured; CXC, CC, CX3C, and XC residues. Chemokine proteins are often studied for their roles in regulating immune and inflammatory responses via cell migration properties and the localization of target cells such as leucokytes. Their bioactivity is achieved by signalling through G protein-coupled chemokine receptors. kbDNA offers a library of both bacterial and mammalian expressed recombinant chemokines with biotinylated options.
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